{"id":275,"date":"2026-10-21T05:38:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T05:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/?p=275"},"modified":"2026-10-21T05:38:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T05:38:35","slug":"otizmli-cocuklarda-rutin-ve-degisiklikler-gecisleri-destekleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/otizmli-cocuklarda-rutin-ve-degisiklikler-gecisleri-destekleme\/","title":{"rendered":"Otizmli \u00c7ocuklarda Rutin ve De\u011fi\u015fiklikler: Ge\u00e7i\u015fleri Nas\u0131l Destekleyebiliriz?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck rutinler bir\u00e7ok otistik \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/strong> Bir etkinlikten di\u011ferine ge\u00e7i\u015f veya beklenmedik bir plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi zorlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funda ama\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu rutinden vazge\u00e7irmek de\u011fil; bilgiyi daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r sunmak, haz\u0131rl\u0131k zaman\u0131 vermek ve de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe birlikte uyum sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Her \u00e7ocuk farkl\u0131d\u0131r; i\u015fe yarayan destek de \u00e7ocu\u011fun ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imine ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131, otistik \u00e7ocuklar ve aileler i\u00e7in kaynaklara dayal\u0131 genel bilgi sunar; tan\u0131, terapi veya ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel e\u011fitim \u00f6nerisi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h2>Rutinler neden \u00f6nemli olabilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Rutin, g\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l ilerleyece\u011fini ve s\u0131rada ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir h\u00e2le getirebilir. Otizm derne\u011fi National Autistic Society, baz\u0131 otistik ki\u015filerin d\u00fczen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi stresi y\u00f6netmek ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda daha sakin hissetmek i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 buldu\u011funu aktar\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte her otistik \u00e7ocuk ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rsel planlardan yararlan\u0131rken baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 notu, nesneleri veya ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi tercih edebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir rutin \u00e7ocu\u011fa ya da \u00e7evresine zarar vermiyor ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131 engellemiyorsa s\u0131rf farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekmez. Destek, \u00e7ocu\u011fun tercihlerini anlamaktan ve ger\u00e7ekten zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olan durumlar\u0131 belirlemekten ba\u015flamal\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autism.org.uk\/advice-and-guidance\/about-autism\/preference-for-order-predictability-or-routine\">National Autistic Society\u2019nin rutin ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik rehberi<\/a> de bu konuda daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, \u00f6nerilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn otistik ki\u015filerin deneyimlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Ge\u00e7i\u015fleri daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirmek<\/h2>\n<p>Ge\u00e7i\u015f; oyunu b\u0131rak\u0131p yemek masas\u0131na gelmek, evden okula gitmek, bir odadan di\u011ferine ge\u00e7mek veya tan\u0131d\u0131k bir etkinli\u011fi bitirmek olabilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki fikirler her \u00e7ocukta ayn\u0131 sonucu vermez; \u00e7ocu\u011fun tepkisine g\u00f6re sadele\u015ftirilebilir veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u0131rada ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6nceden s\u00f6yleyin.<\/strong> \u201c\u00d6nce ayakkab\u0131lar, sonra araba\u201d gibi k\u0131sa ve somut bir anlat\u0131m kullan\u0131n. \u00c7ocu\u011fun anlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in zamana ihtiya\u00e7 varsa a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 son ana b\u0131rakmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7ocu\u011fun zaten bildi\u011fi g\u00f6rsel deste\u011fi kullan\u0131n.<\/strong> Foto\u011fraf, \u00e7izim, nesne, yaz\u0131l\u0131 liste veya k\u0131sa bir \u201c\u00f6nce\u2013sonra\u201d plan\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. G\u00f6rseli \u00e7ocu\u011fun ileti\u015fim d\u00fczeyine ve tercihine g\u00f6re se\u00e7in; anlam\u0131yorsa zorlamay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ne de\u011fi\u015fiyor, ne ayn\u0131 kal\u0131yor; a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtin.<\/strong> \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cBug\u00fcn okula farkl\u0131 yoldan gidece\u011fiz; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve seni kar\u015f\u0131layacak ki\u015fi ayn\u0131.\u201d Bilgiyi do\u011fru ve net verin; ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyecek bir \u015feyi vaat etmeyin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve i\u015flem s\u00fcresi tan\u0131y\u0131n.<\/strong> Geri say\u0131m veya zamanlay\u0131c\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7inse stres yaratabilir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun tepkisini izleyin ve daha fazla zamana ya da farkl\u0131 bir uyar\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 sunun.<\/strong> M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda \u201cMontunu \u015fimdi mi, iki dakika sonra m\u0131 giyelim?\u201d gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek se\u00e7enekler verin. \u0130ki se\u00e7enek de kabul edilebilir olmal\u0131; karar vermesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fa zaman b\u0131rak\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beklenmedik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in yedek plan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/strong> Yol kapan\u0131rsa ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, randevu ertelenirse s\u0131rada ne olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u201cB plan\u0131\u201d haz\u0131rlamak belirsizli\u011fi azaltabilir. De\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu\u011funda yeni plan\u0131 k\u0131sa bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Beklenmedik bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olursa<\/h2>\n<p>Plan bozuldu\u011funda \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcz\u00fclmesi, kayg\u0131lanmas\u0131 veya etkinli\u011fe ge\u00e7mekte zorlanmas\u0131 isteyerek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u00d6nce duygusunu kabul edin: \u201cPlan de\u011fi\u015fti ve bu seni zorlad\u0131; \u015fimdi ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birlikte g\u00f6relim.\u201d Ard\u0131ndan sadece gerekli bilgiyi verin, s\u0131radaki ad\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6sterin ve yan\u0131t vermesi i\u00e7in bekleyin. Uzun a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, art arda sorular veya \u201chemen al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u201d bask\u0131s\u0131 i\u015fleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>National Autistic Society; de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00f6nceden haber verme, g\u00f6rsel hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131lar kullanma, yeni yeri \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rme veya yolculu\u011fu prova etme, yedek plan haz\u0131rlama ve otistik ki\u015fiyi karar s\u00fcrecine katma gibi fikirler sunuyor. \u00c7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131na ve ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imine uygun olan\u0131 se\u00e7in; her \u00f6neriyi uygulamak zorunda de\u011filsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>G\u00f6rsel planlar hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?<\/h2>\n<p>Rutherford ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 2023 tarihli pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, otistik \u00e7ocuklar ve benzer n\u00f6rogeli\u015fimsel destek ihtiyac\u0131 olan 0\u201312 ya\u015f aras\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n aileleriyle evde g\u00f6rsel destek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya 29 aile kat\u0131ld\u0131; aileler uygulama sonras\u0131nda kendi bildirdikleri ya\u015fam kalitesi ve g\u00f6rsel destek kullanma g\u00fcveninde iyile\u015fmeler aktard\u0131. Bu, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 niteli\u011finde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r; sonu\u00e7lar her ailede ayn\u0131 etkinin olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaz ve g\u00f6rsel planlar\u0131n her \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in uygun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10001844\/\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tam metni<\/a> bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte okunabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Ne zaman ek destek aranabilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Rutinlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler s\u0131k s\u0131k yo\u011fun s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7\u0131yor, \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 belirgin bi\u00e7imde etkiliyor ya da aile ve okul ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsa, \u00e7ocu\u011fu tan\u0131yan \u00f6\u011fretmen, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim uzman\u0131 veya sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyoneliyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek yararl\u0131 olabilir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede hangi durumlar\u0131n zorlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun nelerin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imini tercih etti\u011fini somut \u00f6rneklerle anlat\u0131n. Ama\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirmek de\u011fil, \u00e7evresini ve deste\u011fi onun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemektir.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u0131sa hat\u0131rlatma<\/h2>\n<p>Rutinler baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara g\u00fcven ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik sa\u011flayabilir. De\u011fi\u015fiklik gerekti\u011finde \u00f6nceden haber vermek, k\u0131sa ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bilgi sunmak, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ileti\u015fim y\u00f6ntemini kullanmak ve yedek plan haz\u0131rlamak yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. En iyi destek, \u00e7ocu\u011fun tercihlerini g\u00f6zeten ve gerekti\u011finde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen destektir.<\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>National Autistic Society. <em>Preference for order, predictability or routine.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autism.org.uk\/advice-and-guidance\/about-autism\/preference-for-order-predictability-or-routine\">Rehberi a\u00e7\u0131n<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Rutherford, M. ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (2023). \u201cPiloting a Home Visual Support Intervention with Families of Autistic Children and Children with Related Needs Aged 0\u201312.\u201d <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/em>, 20(5), 4401. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10001844\/\">Tam metin<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>UFCE, \u00e7ocuklar ve aileler i\u00e7in kaynaklara dayal\u0131 genel bilgi sunar; tan\u0131, tedavi veya ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel e\u011fitim\/sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nerisi vermez.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Otistik \u00e7ocuklarda rutinler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik sa\u011flayabilir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ge\u00e7i\u015fleri, beklenmedik de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve g\u00f6rsel destekleri kaynaklarla ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-otizm-rehberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":276,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ufce.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}