Which Tests Are Used in an Autism Diagnosis?

Written by

Ufuk Çelik

in

Source-based information

Author: Ufuk Çelik, researcher

Important: This article is for general information only. It does not diagnose, interpret test results, or provide individual health advice. An assessment should be carried out by qualified health professionals who work with children or adults.

When autism is suspected, families often ask, “Which test is used?” No single blood test, imaging scan, or online test can diagnose autism on its own. An assessment considers developmental history, the person’s communication and social interaction, patterns of behavior, and professional observation together. The scales and interviews used may vary according to the person’s age, language, developmental level, and needs.

First, let’s distinguish screening from diagnosis

  • Screening: It helps identify whether there may be a developmental concern or a need for a more detailed assessment. It is not a diagnosis on its own.
  • Diagnostic assessment: A professional considers the person’s developmental history and clinical observations together, and may use standardised tools when appropriate. The conclusion is not based on a single score.

A high screening score does not mean that autism is certain. A low score does not invalidate a family’s ongoing concerns either. If there are concerns about a child’s development, it is more appropriate to consult a health professional than to rely on an online score.

Assessment tools you may encounter

1. M-CHAT-R/F: a screening questionnaire for young children

M-CHAT-R/F is a screening tool completed by a parent to help determine whether a young child may need further assessment for autism. Follow-up questions may be used after the initial responses. It is a screening tool; it does not diagnose autism, and the result should be reviewed by a professional. It is not suitable for every age and is not used in adult assessments.

2. CARS: a scale that helps organise observations and information

CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) is one of the rating tools that may support a professional assessment. Observations and available information about the child’s behaviour, communication, and interaction are considered under specific headings. The Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health’s family guide also mentions CARS as one of the tools that may support the diagnostic process. A scale score alone is not a diagnosis.

3. ADOS-2: structured observation

ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) is one of the tools in which a trained practitioner observes a person’s communication, social interaction, and behavioural characteristics during structured activities and interaction. The way it is administered may vary according to age and communication level. It may not be available at every centre, and not using it does not by itself mean that the assessment is incomplete. Results are interpreted alongside other information.

4. ADI-R: a developmental history interview with a caregiver

ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised) is one of the tools based on a structured interview with a parent or caregiver about the person’s early development and patterns of behaviour. The family’s observations can help clarify the developmental history. This interview does not diagnose on its own; it is one of the sources that may complement a clinical assessment.

5. Assessment of development, language, and everyday living skills

A professional may recommend additional assessments to understand the person’s language and communication skills, cognitive development, play, learning, and the kinds of support needed in everyday life. These are not autism-specific “yes/no” tests. They can help identify the person’s strengths and support needs; an additional developmental or health condition may also need to be assessed.

Are blood tests, EEG, or brain imaging performed?

There is no blood test, EEG, or brain imaging test that can confirm autism on its own. If a doctor suspects another health condition based on the person’s history and examination, specific tests may be requested. These tests investigate the relevant medical question; they do not replace an autism assessment. The same tests are not expected for everyone.

A hearing assessment may also be important in some cases, because hearing difficulties can affect communication and language development. Such checks are considered according to the person’s needs and should not be confused with autism screening.

How does the assessment process usually proceed?

  1. 1. Developmental history is collected: The family is asked for examples of communication, play, social interaction, interests, and everyday life. Previous assessments and observations from educational settings may also be helpful.
  2. Professional observation is carried out: Communication and behaviour are assessed during the interview and age-appropriate interaction. If needed, additional information is gathered from other settings.
  3. Appropriate tools are selected: A professional may use screening or assessment tools suited to the person’s age, language, and needs. Not everyone needs to undergo all four of the M-CHAT, CARS, ADOS-2, and ADI-R.
  4. Information is considered together: A professional reviews the results of the tools alongside the developmental history and observations. A diagnosis is not based on a single test score.
  5. The findings and support needs are explained: The family or adult is told about the assessment findings, whether further evaluation may be needed, and possible routes to support.

Referral routes and the tools used in Türkiye may vary depending on the health facility and the person’s circumstances. For concerns about a child, families can seek up-to-date guidance from a family physician or a qualified health professional in child and adolescent mental health. An adult assessment is also planned by a professional in a way that suits the person’s age and history.

Is ÇÖZGER an autism test?

No. The Child Special Needs Report (ÇÖZGER) is not a test for identifying autism; it is a separate reporting process that assesses a child’s special needs and support status. Diagnostic assessment should not be confused with report and service applications. For the scope of ÇÖZGER and application requirements, use current information from the relevant health institutions and official sources.

How can families prepare for the appointment?

  • Note what you have observed, including when and in what settings it occurs.
  • Prepare concrete examples of the child’s communication, play, daily routines, and responses to changes.
  • Bring previous health, developmental, or educational assessments and information about any support the child receives.
  • Ask questions such as, “Which assessments are planned, what is the purpose of each, and how will the results be interpreted?”
  • Do not treat an online screening result as a diagnosis; share the result and your concerns with a professional.

Quick answers

Does a positive M-CHAT-R/F result mean the child definitely has autism?

No. This is a screening result that may indicate whether a more detailed assessment is needed. It does not provide a diagnosis.

Can a diagnosis be made without ADOS-2 or ADI-R?

These tools are not required for every person or in every setting. Diagnosis is based on a qualified professional’s combined assessment of developmental history, observation, and other relevant information; it does not depend on a single tool.

Do test scores alone show whether autism is “mild” or “severe”?

A single score does not describe all of a person’s characteristics, daily life, or support needs. Results should be interpreted in context by a professional.

This content is not a substitute for diagnosis, treatment advice, or an individual assessment by a qualified professional. Please direct your questions to your healthcare professional.

Sources

Sources last reviewed: October 6, 2026. Official application and reporting requirements may change; consult the relevant healthcare providers for up-to-date information.

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